Public-domain ebook
by Gillette, Halbert Powers; Hill, Charles Shattuck
Language: en15,352 downloads on Project Gutenberg
Subjects
In: Engineering·Engineering & Technology
Public-domain ebook sourced from Project Gutenberg #24855.
The book is a technical manual on the calculation of cement, sand, and aggregate quantities for mortars and concrete. It opens with a systematic derivation of formulas that relate the volume of cement paste, the voids in sand and gravel, and the proportions of each ingredient, using symbols such as p, n, s, g, v, and V. From these definitions the authors develop general expressions for the number of barrels of cement required per cubic yard of mortar or concrete, then present a series of detailed tables that translate the theoretical formulas into practical figures for various mix ratios, barrel sizes, and void percentages. The opening pages also explain how to adjust the tables for different sand weights, void contents, and water percentages, emphasizing the need for experimental verification and offering simple rules of thumb for contractors.
Written in the precise, didactic style of early‑20th‑century engineering literature, the text combines rigorous algebra with extensive tabular data. The language is formal and dense, reflecting the authors’ backgrounds as civil engineers and their aim to provide a reliable reference for professionals. Readers who work in construction, civil engineering, or historic restoration, and who appreciate a methodical, mathematically grounded approach to concrete mix design, will find this volume a valuable resource.
The opening · free to read
Let p = number of cu. ft. cement paste per bbl., as determined by actual test. n = number of cu. ft. of cement per bbl., as specified in the specifications. s = parts of sand (by volume) to one part of cement, as specified. g = parts of gravel or broken stone (by volume) to one part of cement, as specified. v = percentage of voids in the dry sand, as determined by test. V = percentage of voids in the gravel or stone, as determined by test.
Then, in a mortar of 1 part cement to s parts sand, we have:
n s = cu. ft. of dry sand to 1 bbl. of cement. n s v = " " " voids in the dry sand. 0.9 n s v = " " " available voids in the wet sand. 1.1 n s = " " " wet sand. p - 0.9 n s v = " " " cement paste in excess of the voids.
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