Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours

[Portions of this header are copyright (C) 2001 by Michael S. Hart and may be reprinted only when these Etexts are free of all fees.] [Project Gutenberg is a TradeMark and may not be used in any sales of Project Gutenberg Etexts or other materials be they hardware or software or any other related product without express permission.]

This etext was produced by John Walker [This document is supplied in the ISO 8859/1 Latin-1 character set]

Line #1. . .Text begins on Line #238 Production notes at line #8 Explanation of typographical conventions at line #229 C source code to typeset into LaTeX or HTML at line #9633 VERSIONS baseg on separate sources get new LETTER, newhd10a.txt

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LE TOUR DU MONDE EN 80 JOURS Etext Production Notes

This is a public domain Etext edition of Jules Verne's Le tour du monde en 80 jours (Around the World in 80 Days).

This Etext is an unabridged reproduction of the original 1873 Hetzel edition. I have corrected several minor typographical errors, but otherwise the text is precisely as published; modern readers will discover a distinct 19th century flavour in the vocabulary and grammar (get ready to remember everything you've forgotten about the passé simple, in particular).

This document is supplied in the ISO 8859/1 Latin-1 character set which includes the accented characters used in French. The ISO 8859/1 character set is a superset of 7-bit ASCII and is the first 256 characters of the 16-bit Unicode set. The following lines should be a sequence of letters, unaccented in the first line, with a variety of accents in subsequent lines. If your computer shows these as anything other than the correctly accented characters, French words in the body of the document will also be incorrect.

Sans accent: A E I O U a e i o u C c Grave: À È Ì Ò Ù à è ì ò ù Aigu: Á É Í Ó Ú á é í ó ú Circonflexe: Â Ê Î Ô Û â ê î ô û Diérèse: Ä Ë Ï Ö Ü ä ë ï ö ü Cedille: Ç ç

Beautifully Typeset Etexts --------------------------

Free Plain Vanilla Etexts don't have to be austere and typographically uninviting. Most literature (as opposed to scientific publications, for example), is typographically simple and can be rendered beautifully into type without encoding it into proprietary word processor file formats or impenetrable markup languages.

This Etext is encoded in a form which permits it to be both read directly (Plain Vanilla) and typeset in a form virtually indistinguishable from printed editions of the work.

To create "typographically friendly" Etexts, I adhere to the following rules. Rules not used in this Etext are prefixed with "**".

1. Characters follow the 8-bit ISO 8859/1 Latin-1 character set. ASCII is a proper subset of this character set, so any "Plain ASCII" file meets ths criterion by definition. The extension to ISO 8859/1 is required so that Etexts which include the accented characters used by Western European languages may continue to be "readable by both humans and computers".

2. No white space characters other than blanks and line separators are used (in particular, tabs are expanded to spaces).

3. The text bracket sequence: <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> appears both before and after the actual body of the Etext. This allows including an arbitrary prefix and postfix to the body of the document.

4. Normal body text begins in column 1 and is set ragged right with a line length of 70 characters. The choice of 70 characters is arbitrary and was made to avoid over-long and therefore less readable lines in the Plain Vanilla text.

5. Paragraphs are separated by blank lines.

6. Centering, right, and left justification is indicated by actually so-justifying the text within the 70 character line. Left justified lines should start in column 2 to avoid confusion with paragraph body text.

** 7. Block quotations are indented to start in column 5 and set ragged right with a line length of 60 characters.

8. Text set in italics is bracketed by underscore characters, "_". These must match.

9. Footnotes are included in-line, bracketed by "[]". The footnote appears at the point in the copy where the footnote mark appears in the source text.

10. The title is defined as the sequence of lines which appear between the first text bracket "<><><>..." and a centered line consisting exclusively of more than two equal signs "====".

11. The author's name is the text which follows the line of equal signs marking the end of the title and precedes the first chapter mark. This may be multiple lines.

12. Chapters are delimited by a three line sequence of centered lines:

<Chapter number> -------------------- <Chapter name>

The line of hyphen signs must be centered and contain three or more equal signs and no other characters other than white space. Chapter "numbers" need not be numeric--they can be any text. Documents without chapter breaks should contain an initial chapter mark following the title with <Chapter number> of "*" and a blank <Chapter name>.

13. Dashes in the text are indicated in the normal typewritten text convention of "--". No hyphenation of words at the end of lines is done.

14. Ellipses are indicated by "..."; sentence-ending ellipses by "....".

** 15. Greek letters and mathematical symbols are enclosed in the brackets "\(" and "\)" and are expressed as their character or symbol names in the LaTeX typesetting language. For example, write the Greek word for "word" as:

\( \lambda \acute{o} \gamma o \varsigma \)

and the formula for the roots of a quadratic equation as:

\( x_{1,2} = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} \)

(Note: I acknowledge that this provision is controversial. It is as distasteful to me as I suspect it is to you. In its defence, let me treat the Greek letter and math formula cases separately. Using LaTeX encoding for Greek letters is purely a stopgap until Unicode comes into common use on enough computers so that we can use it for Etexts which contain characters not in the ASCII or ISO 8859/1 sets (which are the 7- and 8-bit subsets of Unicode, respectively). If an author uses a Greek word in the text, we have two ways to proceed in attempting to meet the condition:

The etext, when displayed, is clearly readable, and does not contain characters other than those intended by the author of the work, although....

The first approach is to transliterate into Roman characters according to a standard table such as that given in The Chicago Manual of Style. This preserves readability and doesn't require funny encoding, but in a sense violates the author's "original intent"--the author could have transliterated the word in the first place but chose not to. By transliterating we're reversing the author's decision. The second approach, encoding in LaTeX or some other markup language, preserves the distinction that the author wrote the word in Greek and maintains readability since letters are called out by their English language names, for the most part. Of course LaTeX helps us only for Greek (and a few characters from other languages). If you're faced with Cyrillic, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, or other languages written in non-Roman letters, the only option (pre-Unicode) is to transliterate.

I argue that encoding mathematical formulas as LaTeX achieves the goal of "readable by humans" on the strength of LaTeX encoding being widely used in the physics and mathematics communities when writing formulas in E-mail and other ASCII media. Just as one is free to to transliterate Greek in an Etext, one can use ASCII artwork formulas such as:

--------- + / 2 -b - \/ b - 4ac x = ------------------ 1,2 2a

This is probably a better choice for occasional formulas simple enough to write out this way. But to produce Etexts of historic scientific publications, Einstein's "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper" (the special relativity paper published in Annalen der Physik in 1905), trying to render the hundreds of complicated equations in ASCII is not only extremely tedious but in all likelihood counter-productive; ambiguities in trying to render complex equations would make it difficult for a reader to determine precisely what Einstein wrote unless conventions just as complicated (and harder to learn) as those of LaTeX were adopted for ASCII expression of mathematics. Finally, the choice of LaTeX encoding is made not only based on its existing widespread use but because the underlying software that defines it (TeX and LaTeX) are entirely in the public domain, available in source code form, implemented on most commonly-available computers, and frozen by their authors so that, unlike many commercial products, the syntax is unlikely to change in the future and obsolete current texts).

16. Other punctuation in the text consists only of the characters: