Narrative and Critical History of America, Vol. 6 (of 8) The United States of North America, Part I

ILLUSTRATIONS: Colonel Parker's Lexington Deposition, 176; Colonel Barrett's Concord Deposition, 177; Plan of Lexington, 179; of Concord, 180; Emerson's Diary, 181; Earl Percy, 182, 183; Lexington Green, 185; Richard Frothingham, 186; Ezra Stiles, with Autograph, 188; Autograph of Samuel Swett, 191; General Putnam, with Autograph, 192; Autograph of General Ward, 192; Joseph Warren, 193; Handbill (Tory Account) of the Battle of Bunker Hill, 196; View of the Battle of Bunker Hill, 197; Plans of Charlestown Peninsula and the Battle, 198, 199; Plan of the Battle, 201; Autograph of General Heath, 203; Plan of the Siege of Boston, 206; Boston and Vicinity, June, 1775, 208; Boston and Charlestown, 1775, 210; British Lines on Boston Neck, 211; Map of the St. Lawrence and Sorel Rivers, 215; General Montgomery on the Capitulation of St. John, 217; Attestation of Montgomery's Will, 218; Richard Montgomery, 220, 221; Benedict Arnold, with Autograph, 223; Montresor's Map of the Kennebec Region, 224; David Wooster, with Autograph, 225; Plan of Siege of Quebec, 226; Autograph of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, 227; View of Sullivan's Island, 228; View of Charlestown, S. C., and the British Fleet (1776), 229.

Editorial Notes 255

ILLUSTRATIONS: Autographs of the Mecklenburg Committee, 256; Thomas Jefferson, 258; State House, Philadelphia, 259; Original Draft of the Declaration of Independence, 260; Autograph of Thomas Jefferson, 261; Portrait and Autograph of Roger Sherman, 262; Autographs of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, 263-266; Fac-simile of a Contemporary Broadside of the Declaration, 267; John Dickinson, 268; John Hancock (the Scott picture), 270; (a German picture), 271; Charles Thomson, 272; Fac-simile of a Page of Christopher Marshall's Diary, 273.

THE STRUGGLE FOR THE HUDSON. George W. Cullum 275

ILLUSTRATIONS: Mortier House, on Richmond Hill, Washington's Headquarters, 276; Lord Howe, 277; General Sir William Howe, 278; Lord Stirling, 280; Roger Morris House, Washington's Harlem Headquarters, 284; Autograph of Knyphausen, 289; Portrait and Autograph of Burgoyne, 292; another Portrait, 293; Lord George Germain, 295; General Arthur St. Clair, 297; Autograph of General Schuyler, 297; General John Stark, 301; General Horatio Gates, 302; General Horatio Gates, with Autograph, 303; Sir Henry Clinton, Portraits and Autograph, 306, 307; General George Clinton, 308; Fac-simile of Burgoyne's Letter to Gates, 310; Rude contemporary Cuts of Washington and Gates, 311.

Editorial Notes 323

ILLUSTRATIONS: Plan of Fort Montgomery, 324; Chain at Fort Montgomery, 324; Plan of Constitution Island, 325; Plans of the Battle of Long Island, 327, 328; Ratzer's smaller Map of New York City, 332; Johnston's Map of New York Island (1776), 335; the Sauthier-Faden Plan of Campaign round New York (1776), 336; Fort Washington and Dependencies, 339; the Sauthier-Tryon Map of New York Province (1774), 340; the Present Seat of War, from Low's Almanac, 342; New York and Vicinity, from the Political Magazine, 343; Campaign of 1776, from Hall's History, 344; Hessian Map of the Campaign above New York (1776), 345; Map of Arnold's Fight near Valcour Island, 347; Trumbull's Plan of Ticonderoga and its Dependencies (1776), 352; Map of Ticonderoga (1777) used at St. Clair's Trial, 353; Fleury's Map of Fort Stanwix, 355; Plan of the Conflict at Saratoga, 362; Attack on Forts Clinton and Montgomery as mapped by John Hills, 363; another Plan, from Leake's Life of Lamb, 365.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Charles Lee, 369; his Autograph, 370; Fac-simile of an Appeal of the Council of Safety, Dec. 8, 1776, 371; Broadside of the Council of Safety, 372; Lord Howe, 380; General Grey, 383; General Sir William Howe, 383; Alexander Hamilton, 384; Anthony Wayne, 385; the Destruction of the "Augusta", 388; Fac-simile of Proclamation of Washington, Dec. 20, 1777, 390; Playbill of Theatre in Southwark, February, 1778, 394.

Editorial Notes 403

ILLUSTRATIONS: Autograph of General Richard Prescott, 403; Map, from the Gentleman's Magazine, of the Neighborhood of New York, 404; Joseph Reed, 405; Charles Lee, 406; Marshall's Map of Trenton, Princeton, and Monmouth, 408; Hessian Map of Trenton and Princeton, 409; Faden's Map of Trenton and Princeton, 410; Wiederhold's Map of Trenton, 411; Wilkinson's Map of Trenton, 412; of Princeton, 413; Hall's Map of the Campaign of 1777, 414; Galloway's Map, 415; General Sir William Howe, 417, 418; Washington's Map of Brandywine, 420; Hessian Map of Brandywine, 422; Hessian Map of Paoli, 423; Faden's Map of Trudruffrin, or Paoli, 424; Approaches to Germantown, 425; Montresor's Map of Germantown Battle, 426-427; Hessian Map of Germantown, 428; View of Stenton, Logan's House, 429; Faden's Map of Operations on the Delaware, 429; Lafayette's Map of the Attack at Gloucester, N. J., 430; Map of Fort Mifflin on Mud Island, 431; Fleury's Plan of Fort Mifflin, 432-433; Attack on Fort Mifflin, 434-435; Plan of Mud Island Fort, 437; Attack on Mud Island, 438; Map of Valley Forge Encampment, 439; Defences of Philadelphia, 440, 441; Vicinity of Philadelphia, 442; Barren Hill, 443; Plan of the Battle of Monmouth, 444; Monmouth and Vicinity, 445.

THE TREASON OF ARNOLD. The Editor 447

ILLUSTRATIONS: Portraits of Benedict Arnold, 447, 448, 449; Arnold's Commission as Major-General, signed by John Hancock, 450; Plans of West Point, 451, 459, 462; Portraits of Major John André, 452, 453, 454; Autographs of André, 452, 453; Plans of the Hudson River, 455, 456, 465; Portrait and Autograph of Benjamin Tallmadge, 457.

THE WAR IN THE SOUTHERN DEPARTMENT. Edward Channing 469

ILLUSTRATIONS: View of Charlestown, S. C., 471; Fac-simile of General Moultrie's Order, 471; Fac-simile of Commodore Whipple's Letter, 472; General Benjamin Lincoln, Portrait and Autograph, 473; Portraits of Cornwallis, 474, 475; Portrait of General Gates, 476; Lord Rawdon, 489; Kosciusko, 492; Steuben, 497; Portrait and Autograph of Rochambeau, 498; Autographs of French Officers, 500; Portraits of Comte de Grasse, 502, 503; his Autograph, 502; Fac-simile of Articles of Capitulation at Yorktown, 505; Nelson House, 506.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Map of Siege of Savannah (1779), 521; Plan of Charleston (1780), 526; Siege of Charleston, 528; Battle of Camden, 531; Gates's Defeat, 533; Battle of Guildford, 540; Map of Cape Fear River, 542; Action at Hobkirk's Hill, 543; Diagram of the Naval Action of De Grasse, 548; Plans of the Yorktown Campaign, 550, 551, 552.

EDITORIAL NOTES ON EVENTS IN THE NORTH 555

ILLUSTRATIONS: Hessian Map of the Hudson Highlands, 556; Stoney Point, 557; Verplanck's Point, 557; Faden's Plan of Stony Point, 558; Paulus Hook, 559.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Fac-simile of Commodore Tucker's Orders to command the "Boston", 566; Esek Hopkins, 569; Autograph of Joshua Barney, 575; of Captain John Barry, 581; Fac-simile of Captain Tucker's Parole at Charleston, 583.

Special Editorial Notes 589

ILLUSTRATIONS: Paul Jones, 592; Richard Pearson, 593; Count D'Estaing, 594, 595; his Autograph, 595; Plan of the Siege of Newport, 596; Blaskowitz's Plan of Newport, 597; Sullivan's Campaign Map, 598; View of the Fight on Rhode Island, 599; Lafayette's Map of Narragansett Bay, 600; his Plan of the Campaign on Rhode Island, 602; Autograph of General Solomon Lovell, 603; Map of the Attack on Penobscot (Castine), 604.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Guy Johnson's Map of the Country of the Six Nations, 609; Joseph Thayendaneken (Brant), 623; Brant, by Romney, 625; his Autograph, 625; St. Leger's Order of March, 628; Peter Gansevoort, 629; the Butler badge, 631; General Sullivan, 637.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Henry Bouquet, 692; Plan of Bushy Run Battle, 693; Bouquet's Council with the Indians, 695; Bouquet's Campaign Map, 696; Map of the Illinois Country, 700; Ruins of Magazine at Fort Chartres, 703; Daniel Boone, 707; Plan of Kaskaskia, 717; Lieutenant Ross's Map of the Mississippi, 721; Fac-simile of Colonel Clark's Summons to Governor Hamilton, 727.

THE CLOSING SCENES OF THE WAR. The Editor 744

ILLUSTRATIONS: Captain Asgill, 745; Fraunce's Tavern in New York, 747.

THE American Revolution was no unrelated event, but formed a part of the history of the British race on both continents, and was not without influence on the history of mankind. As an event in British history, it wrought with other forces in effecting that change in the Constitution of the mother country which transferred the prerogatives of the crown to the Parliament, and led to the more beneficent interpretation of its provisions in the light of natural rights. As an event in American history, it marks the period, recognized by the great powers of Europe, when a people, essentially free by birth and by the circumstances of their situation, became entitled, because justified by valor and endurance, to take their place among independent nations. Finally, as an event common to the history of both nations, it stands midway between the Great Rebellion and the Revolution of 1688, on the one hand, and the Reform Bill of 1832 and the extension of suffrage in 1884, on the other, and belongs to a race which had adopted the principles of the Reformation and of the Petition of Right.

The American Revolution was not a quarrel between two peoples,—the British people and the American people,—but, like all those events which mark the progress of the British race, it was a strife between two parties, the conservatives in both countries as one party, and the liberals in both countries as the other party; and some of its fiercest battles were fought in the British Parliament. Nor did it proceed in one country alone, but in both countries at the same time, with nearly equal step, and was essentially the same in each, so that at the close of the French War, if all the people of Great Britain had been transported to America and put in control of American affairs, and all the people of America had been transported to Great Britain and put in control of British affairs, the American Revolution and the contemporaneous British Revolution—for there was a contemporaneous British Revolution—might have gone on just the same, and with the same final results. But the British Revolution was to regain liberty; the American Revolution was to preserve liberty. Both peoples had a common history in the events which led to the Great Rebellion; but in the reaction which followed the Restoration, that part of the British race which awaited the conflict in the old home passed again under the power of the prerogative, and, after the accession of William III., came under the domination of the great Whig families. The British Revolution, therefore, was to recover what had been lost. But those who emigrated to the colonies left behind them institutions which were monarchical, in church and state, and set up institutions which were democratic. And it was to preserve, not to acquire, these democratic institutions that the liberal party carried the country through a long and costly war.[1]