Faustus: His Life, Death, and Doom

Transcribed from the 1864 W. Kent and Co. edition by David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org

FAUSTUS: HIS LIFE, DEATH, AND DOOM.

A ROMANCE IN PROSE.

Translated from the German.

"Speed thee, speed thee, Liberty lead thee, Many this night shall hearken and heed thee. Far abroad, Demi-god, Who shall appal thee! Javal, or devil, or what else we call thee."

LONDON: W. KENT AND CO., PATERNOSTER-ROW. 1864.

LONDON: ROBSON AND LEVEY, PRINTERS, GREAT NEW STREET, FETTER LANE.

THE TRANSLATOR TO THE PUBLIC.

The publication of the present volume may at first sight appear to require some brief explanation from the Translator, inasmuch as the character of the incidents may justify such an expectation on the part of the reader. It is therefore necessary to state, that although strange scenes of vice and crime are here exhibited, it is in the hope that they may serve as beacons, to guide the ignorant and unwary from the shoals on which they might otherwise be wrecked.

The work, when considered as a whole, is strictly moral. The Catholic priest is not praised for burning his fellow-creature at an auto-da-fe, and for wallowing in licentiousness; nor is the Calvinist commended for his unrelenting malignity to all those whose tenets are different from his own, and for crying down the most innocent pleasures and relaxations which a bountiful and just God has been pleased to place within the reach of his earthly children.

The tyrant and the oppressor of mankind will here find himself depicted in his proper colours.

Neither will the champions of freedom pass the fiery ordeal with feet unseared; since a glorious specimen of what they all are will be found among the following pages. Ye who with ever-open mouths are constantly clamouring at whatever is established, whether it be beneficial to the human race or injurious, will here find the motives for your conduct pointed out and held up to contempt and execration.

But, above all, this work contains the following highly useful advice:

Let every one bear his lot with patience, and not seek, at the expense of his repose, to penetrate into those secrets which the spirit of man, while dressed in the garb of mortality, cannot and must not unveil. Let every one bridle those emotions which the strange and frequently revolting phenomena of the moral world may cause to arise in his bosom, and beware of deciding upon them; for He alone who has power to check or permit them, can know how and why they happen, whither they tend, and what will be their ultimate consequence. To the mind of man all is dark; he is an enigma to himself: let him live, therefore, in the hope of once seeing clearly; and happy indeed is he who in this manner passes his days.

The present translation, it should be added, has been executed with as much fidelity to the original as the difference of the two languages, and other considerations, would allow.

CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. 1 Ambitious Character of Faustus--His Discovery of Printing--Journey to Frankfort--The Devil, the White Nun, and Father Gebhardt of Mayence--Faustus offers his Bible to the Council of Frankfort--His first Interview with a Spirit--The Infernal Banquet--Speech of Satan--Allegorical Entertainments of Leviathan--Faustus's Dialogue with the Devil CHAPTER II. 60 Leviathan meets Faustus at an Inn at Frankfort--Assembling of the Council, and Discussion on Faustus's Bible--Corporation Squabbles--Leviathan and Faustus invited to a grand Civic Entertainment--Faustus presents his Bible to the City--His Introduction to the Mayoress--Knighthood of the Mayor--The Devil's Revenge on the Corrupt Corporation--The Hermit of Homburg--A Lesson to Misanthropists--The Hermit and the lovely Pilgrim--His Hut burnt by Leviathan, and he perishes in the Flames--Faustus returns to his Wife and Family at Mayence--Espouses the Cause of a despairing Client, and corrupts the Judge--Dispute about the Nun Clara--Leviathan's Revenge on the avaricious Judge--Faustus's Adventure with Clara--Takes leave of his Family--Rescues a Youth from Drowning CHAPTER III. 116 The Devil and Faustus continue their Journey on the Banks of the Fulda--The oppressive Prince-Bishop--Faustus's Interview with the Bishop--Clerical Luxury--Case of Dr. Robertus, the Protector of the People--Faustus espouses his Cause, and liberates the "Patriot"--The Devil and Faustus visit the Court of the Prince of ---.--The betrayed Minister and his Daughter--The Devil and Faustus imprisoned--The Fiend suffocates the Prince, and, with Faustus, resumes his Journey--The Wildgrave and burning Village--The infatuated Monk--School of Physiognomy--Faustus and the Virgin Student--The Devil's Peep-show, and its Talismanic Influence--Portrait of the Fiend CHAPTER IV. 181 France in the Reign of Louis XI.--Interview of the Devil and Faustus with Father Vesois--Loves of Madame de Monserau--Faustus and the French Widow--The Fatal Supper--Arrival of Faustus and the Devil at Paris--Execution of the Duke of Nemours--Faustus and the avaricious Father--Infanticide recommended--Horrible Death of the Miser, and Ruin of his Daughter--Trial of a humane Surgeon, and ungrateful Murderer--Anatomical Cruelties--Prisons of Paris--Bishop of Verdun's Cages--Perillus, the Tyrant Phalaris, and the Brazen Bull--Atrocious Character of Louis XI.--The Hermit of Calabria--Faustus and the Devil visit England--Cruelties of Richard, Duke of Gloucester--The Devil's Portraiture of the English Character--Arrival of Faustus and the Fiend at Milan--Murder of the Duke Galeas Sforza--Florence--Spanish Auto-da-Fe--Pope Alexander VI.--Combat of a Papal General with one of his Officers for a White Goat--Machinations of the Pope--Ancient and Modern Rome, and her Abominations--Cardinal Caesar Borgia--Licentious Entertainments at the Vatican--The Pope and his Illegitimates--Caesar Borgia and Michelotto--Stratagem to depose his Brother Francisco--Murder of the latter--Faustus and the lovely Lucretia--Vanity of Human Philosophy, and Sophistry of its Professors--Atrocious Plots and Excesses of Pope Alexander--His Sale of Indulgences--Amended Catalogue, with increased Prices--Murder of Alphonso of Arragon--Caesar Borgia's Letter to the Pope--Cardinal Orsini--Borgia's Triumphal Entry into Rome--Marriage of Lucretia--Gross Festivities--The Devil's Apostrophe thereon--Descent of the Pope into Hell, and Death of Caesar Borgia CHAPTER V. 261 Faustus's Consolation for his Crimes--Philosophy of Voltaire--Faustus's portentous Dream--Apparition of his Father--Baseness and Ingratitude of Man--Flight of the Devil and Faustus to Mayence--Death of his Son, and Destruction of his Family--Retrospect of his criminal Career--Accursed Destiny of Faustus, and Triumph of the Devil--Descent of Faustus into Hell CHAPTER I.

Faustus, having long struggled with the shadows of Theology, the bubbles of Metaphysics, and the ignes-fatui of Morality, without being able to bring his mind to a firm conviction, at length cast himself into the dark fields of Magic, in the hope of forcing from Nature what she had so obstinately withheld from him. His first attainment was the remarkable invention of Printing; but his second was horrible. He discovered, almost fortuitously, the dreadful formula by which devils are called out of hell, and made subservient to the will of man. But as yet he had not exerted his power, out of love to his immortal soul, for whose welfare every Christian is so anxious. At this period he was in the full bloom of manhood. Nature had favoured him in his person, and had given him a noble and expressive countenance. Here was enough to bespeak his happiness in the world; but she superadded pride and untamable impetuosity of mind, which displayed itself in deep determination of purpose, and in the constant workings of a heated imagination, which was never satisfied with the present, but affected to discover the emptiness and insufficiency of the acquired object, even in the zest of its enjoyment.

Faustus soon lost the path by which moderation leads frail mortals to the abode of true happiness. He soon felt the narrow limits of humanity, and endeavoured to burst their bonds. By what he had learnt and believed in his youth, he entertained a high opinion of the capacity and moral worth of man; and, in comparing himself with others, he naturally laid the greatest part of the sum-total to his own account. Here were fine materials for greatness and glory: but true greatness and true glory generally fly from him who is on the point of attaining them, just before he can separate their fine pure forms from the mist and vapour which delusion has shed round them. It appeared to Faustus that, in his situation, the nearest and most convenient way to honour and reputation would be the sciences; yet scarcely had he tasted their enchantment when his soul became inflamed with an ardent passion after truth. Every one who is acquainted with these sirens, and has heard their deceitful song, must know that, provided he does not make a mere trade of them, he must infallibly miss his aim, from the necessity of assuaging the burning thirst with which they inspire him. Faustus, after he had for a long time groped about in the labyrinth, found that his earnings were doubt; displeasure at the short-sightedness of man; and discontent and murmuring against the Being who had formed him. He might still have been comparatively happy had he had only these feelings to combat: but when the perusal of the sages and the poets awakened a thousand new wants in his soul, and his now winged and artificial imagination conjured up before his eyes the many intoxicating enjoyments which gold and reputation could only procure him, his blood ran like fire through his veins, and all his faculties were soon swallowed up by this sensation.

By the discovery of Printing, Faustus thought he had at length opened the door to riches, honour, and enjoyment. He exerted himself to the utmost, in order to bring the art to perfection, and he now laid his discovery before mankind; but their lukewarmness quickly convinced him that, although the greatest inventor of his age, he and his family would soon perish with hunger unless his genius continually displayed itself in some new forms. Hurled from the pinnacle of hope, oppressed by heavy debts,--which he had incurred by generosity and extravagant living, and by his becoming security for false friends,--he now surveyed the world through a gloomy medium. His domestic ties, when he no longer knew how to support his family, became an intolerable burden. He began to think that there was a malign influence in the distribution of men's fortunes: or how did it happen that the noble and intellectual man was every where oppressed, neglected, and in misery; whilst the knave and the fool were rich, prosperous, and honoured in life?

In this melancholy state of mind Faustus wandered from Mayence to Frankfort, intending to sell one of his printed Latin Bibles to the magistracy, and then to return and buy with the produce food for his hungry children. He had been able to accomplish nothing in his native city, because at that time the Archbishop was at war with the whole Chapter, and all Mayence found itself in the greatest confusion. The cause was as follows: a Dominican monk had dreamt that he passed the night with his penitent, the lovely Clara, who was a white nun, and a niece of the Archbishop. In the morning it was his turn to read mass; he did so, and, unabsolved from the night of sin, received the host in his profane hands. At eve-tide, after a cup or two of Rhenish, he related his dream to a young novice. The dream tickled the imagination of the novice: he told it with some additions to a monk; and in this manner the story, embellished with horrors and licentiousness, ran through the convent, until it came to the ears of the Prior himself. This holy man, who hated Father Gebhardt on account of his intimacy with the most respectable houses, was shocked at the scandalousness of the affair, which he considered as a profanation of the holy sacrament; and, refusing to decide on such a weighty matter, he referred it to the Archbishop. The Archbishop, wisely concluding that whatever sinful man wishes or thinks by day he dreams of by night, denounced the ban of the Church against the monk. The Chapter, whose hatred to an Archbishop always increases the longer he lives, and gladly seizes every opportunity to annoy him, took Father Gerhardt under its protection, and opposed the ban on these grounds: "It is well known that the Devil tempted St. Anthony with the most licentious representations and voluptuous enticements; and if the Devil dared to act so with a saint, whose equal was not to be found in the calendar, what should prevent him from playing off his pranks with a Dominican? We must therefore advise the monk to follow the example of the holy Anthony, and, like him, to oppose the temptations of the fiend with the weapons of prayer and fasting. It is, however, much to be lamented, that Satan should have so little respect for the Archbishop as to make the instrument of his wiles assume the figure of one of his reverence's family." The Chapter conducted itself in this case exactly in the same manner as hereditary princes do whose fathers live too long. But what served more completely to confuse the case was a report from the nunnery. The nuns had assembled in the refectory, and were busied in dressing up a Madonna for the next festival, hoping to surpass by its magnificence their rivals the black nuns, when suddenly the old porteress entered, told the licentious story, and added, that the Dominican, whose name she had forgot, would certainly be burnt alive, for that the Chapter had even then assembled for the purpose of trying him. Whilst the porteress was relating the tale with its various circumstances, the faces of the young nuns were violently flushed, and Sin, who never loses an opportunity of corrupting innocent hearts, shot into their blood, and hastily pictured the dangerous scene to their imaginations. Fury and consternation, in the mean time, deformed the features of the old ones. The abbess trembled and leaned on her staff, while the spectacles fell from her face. But when the porteress added, that it was the sister Clara whom the fiend had brought to the Dominican in his dream, a dreadful shriek filled the whole hall. Clara alone remained tranquil, and when the uproar had ceased, she said, smiling: "Dear sisters, why do you shriek so fearfully? I myself dreamt that I passed the night with Father Gebhardt, my confessor; and if it was the work of the fiend" (here she and all the rest made the sign of the cross), "why, we must give him the discipline." "The Father Gebhardt!" cried the porteress; "now, all ye saints and angels, that is the very person who dreamt of you; that is he whom they are about to burn." The porteress having thus expressed herself, this second version of the dream was immediately circulated through the city. The Madonna was allowed to remain naked, for the sisters cared now very little if the black nuns bore away the palm. The abbess did all in her power to spread the news abroad, the housekeeper followed her example, the porteress harangued an audience beneath the gateway, and Clara candidly replied to the yet more candid questions of her companions. The last trumpet could not have diffused in Mayence more terror and confusion than did this extraordinary tale.